Embedded Journalism...
...or why truth can be more dramatic than fiction.
Many of us have watched the news coverage of the so-called "War on Terror," and have seen what can only be considered an unprecedented use of what's referred to as "embedded journalists." Embedded journalists eat, sleep, live, and move with combat troops in the front lines, and the embedding process is designed to give us a good look at what "really happens" in wartime situations.
But, have we stopped and considered whether or not we're really getting the whole story from these embedded newscasters? For most of us, I doubt the thought has crossed our minds. But, I've thought about it. And, so have the members of a team of researchers from the University of Oklahoma, led by Professor Michael Pfau. Their study, published in the December 2005 edition of the
Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media sought to see whether or not these embeds, as I will refer to them, were straying from impartiality.
As I thought, the study did show this to be the case. The results of the study confirmed that the results "revealed that compared to nonembedded reports, embedded television news reports were ore positive toward the military...and conveyed greater trust toward military personnel." (Pfau et al, 478.) But, what caused these results? Looking at the causes is the only way we, as informed media consumers, can understand why this happens.
Irwin Altman and Dalmas A. Taylor are leading researchers in the field of interpersonal communications, and their
Social Penetration Theory can be used to make an attempt to explain these results. According to Altman and Taylor, closeness in a relationship only occurs with gradual buildup of self-disclosure, or "talking about yourself." However, Pfau and his team propose that, under stressful or "hot" situations, self-disclosure would seem to be accellerated, thus creating a closer relationship
sooner than would otherwise be expected.
This rapid buildup of a close relationship, it seems, would cause problems with objective news reporting. As a general rule, reporters frown upon "getting too close to" their sources, in an attempt to preserve objectivity. Also, the quick buildup (referred to as "swift trust" by Pfau) would tend to cause people's perceptions to be more biased towards their sources than otherwise would be expected.
The combination of a close relationship (and almost symbiotic reliance on) a source, combined with the biases inherent in a "swift trust" situation would appear to be almost entirely counterproductive to providing an adequate level of objectivity in reporting. Yet, I fear that "embedding" will continue. Because, you see, embedding provides a dramatic feel to a real situation, and it seems that drama sells, even in news.
It's an unfortunate situation. But, what should we do?
All I know is that I'm not watching the news anymore. When news looks like fiction to me...it's kind of a turnoff.